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Project Management Skills & Competencies

Author: Sophia

what's covered
In this lesson, you will learn about business acumen in project management and the skills and responsibilities that a project manager needs to be successful.

Specifically, this lesson will cover the following:

Table of Contents

1. Business Acumen in Project Management

did you know
Business acumen, sometimes referred to as “business sense” or “business savvy,” is the ability to understand and make smart decisions within a business setting. It involves having a deep understanding of how a business operates, including its financial health and strategic goals. It also involves knowing how different parts of a business, like sales and finance, operate and interact.

This overall understanding helps in identifying opportunities, assessing risks, making decisions that align with the company’s goals, and driving successful business outcomes. Having business acumen means seeing the “big picture” and making decisions that align with the overall strategy.

A close-up black-and-white photo of a chessboard with many wooden pieces in play.
Just like strategy used in playing chess, part of developing business acumen in project management is understanding the overall strategy of the organization and ensuring projects are aligned to that strategy.

Business acumen and project management are both critical skills in the business world. Project management is about planning and overseeing projects to ensure they are completed on time and within budget and meet their objectives. It involves managing time, cost, and scope (the triple constraint) effectively, while also communicating with team members and stakeholders. Together, business acumen and project management skills allow individuals to lead projects that not only meet their immediate goals but also contribute to the long-term success of the organization. They help in making informed decisions, adapting to changes, and driving overall business performance. By developing both skills, individuals can advance in their careers, become effective leaders, and add significant value to their organizations.

Developing business acumen is essential for project managers to make informed and strategic decisions. Business acumen means having the ability to make smart judgments and make decisions while understanding the many factors that influence an organization or industry. This skill helps project managers align their projects with the organization’s broader strategy and global trends, leading to effective and efficient decision-making. Understanding business acumen is crucial because it enhances project managers’ understanding of their organization’s strategic goals. It allows them to see how their projects fit into these goals, enabling them to make decisions that support the organization’s objectives. Moreover, business acumen helps project managers understand how their organization generates revenue and their role in contributing to this process.

term to know
Business Acumen
The ability to understand and make smart decisions within a business setting.

1a. Aligning Business Acumen With Organization Projects

Project managers with strong business acumen are well equipped to align projects with an organization’s mission, vision, values, and long-term goals. This understanding enables them to make informed decisions that ensure projects support the overarching organizational strategy.

key concept
By leveraging their business acumen, project managers can identify how a project fits into the larger organizational picture. They can anticipate the potential impacts of global trends and adjust project plans accordingly, ensuring that projects remain relevant and competitive. Additionally, they can effectively communicate the strategic importance of projects to stakeholders, fostering support and collaboration.

Furthermore, business acumen helps project managers assess risks and opportunities, allowing them to adapt projects to align better with long-term goals. This skill set enables them to prioritize project objectives that contribute to organizational growth and sustainability, ensuring that each project not only meets immediate goals but also advances the broader mission and vision of the organization. Overall, project managers with business acumen play a crucial role in driving projects that are strategically aligned and impactful.

1b. Developing Business Acumen in Project Management

Developing business acumen is crucial for project managers; there are several ways to build this competency. One way is through practical experience, where project managers work on different projects to understand their strategic importance within the organization. Participating in training sessions, courses, and certifications, as well as self-guided learning, can also deepen an understanding of business acumen.

big idea
Think about competency as a bucket and the skills as what goes into the bucket. While we concentrate on project manager skills, it is important to note that these skills can act as building blocks when becoming competent in specific areas of project management.

A wooden toolbox filled with assorted hand tools in front of a rustic wooden wall.
Think of competencies as a toolbox. They are the larger abilities needed to be successful, whereas skills, such as the ones we’ve touched on, are the tools in the box that make up the competencies.


2. Project Management Skills

Project managers can “sharpen their tools” to support the needed skills in the project management environment by embracing a multifaceted approach to skill development. These skills are essential for guiding projects successfully from start to finish.

  • Leadership helps project managers inspire and direct their teams.
  • Communication ensures that everyone involved understands the project’s goals and progress.
  • Planning involves setting clear goals and determining the steps needed to achieve them.
  • Time management is crucial for keeping the project on schedule.
  • Problem-solving helps in overcoming any challenges that arise. Problem-solving enables project managers to analyze issues, develop solutions, and implement fixes quickly when things go wrong.
  • Risk management helps identify potential problems before they happen, allowing teams to minimize impact and stay on track.
  • Adaptability ensures project managers can pivot when plans change or unexpected challenges arise.
  • Organization keeps the project structured, with clear roles, timelines, and communication, helping avoid confusion and delays.
  • Negotiation is key when working with stakeholders, vendors, or team members to reach agreements and resolve conflicts.
  • Technical skills (and proficiency) allow project managers to understand the tools, processes, and subject matter needed to guide the project effectively.
  • Decision-making ensures timely and thoughtful choices that keep the project moving forward.
  • Soft skills like communication, empathy, and teamwork are vital for motivating teams, managing stress, and creating a positive work environment.
Together, these skills lead to improved efficiency, better use of resources, and increased satisfaction for everyone involved in the project, including stakeholders. Let’s see how these skills are used in different cases.

Use of Key Project Management Skills
Key Project Management Skills Scenarios
Leadership A project manager leads a team working on a new software update. She inspires her team by setting a clear vision and encouraging collaboration. She holds regular meetings to provide direction and support, fostering a positive environment where team members feel motivated and valued.
Communication During a construction project, the project manager ensures that all team members and stakeholders are informed about progress and any changes. He uses clear verbal and written communication to convey updates, ensuring everyone is on the same page and expectations are met.
Planning During a new website build project, the project manager meets with the team, uses planning skills to break the project into phases, and creates a detailed schedule.
Time Management In a marketing campaign project, the manager plans each phase, schedules tasks, and monitors progress to make sure everything stays on track. By managing time effectively, she ensures the campaign launches on schedule.
Problem-Solving While developing a new product, the team encounters a design flaw. The project manager identifies the issue, analyzes its root cause, and works with the team to develop and implement a solution, keeping the project moving forward.
Risk Management The project manager identifies potential risks on a web design project and puts plans into place in case those risks occur.
Adaptability When a client changes requirements mid-project, the project manager quickly adapts the plan to accommodate these changes without disrupting the overall timeline or budget.
Organization Managing a large event requires organizing multiple tasks and resources. The project manager prioritizes tasks, allocates resources efficiently, and coordinates efforts to ensure the event is successful and meets its goals.
Negotiation During a partnership project, two teams have different ideas about the project scope. The project manager negotiates a compromise that satisfies both parties, ensuring the project moves forward smoothly.
Technical Skills (Proficiency) A project manager uses project management software to track progress, manage resources, and report on results. Their understanding of these tools helps streamline project processes and improve efficiency.
Decision-Making Faced with a budget cut, the project manager must decide which project features to prioritize. By analyzing the available data and considering the project’s goals, they make informed decisions that keep the project aligned with its objectives.
Soft Skills In order to motivate the team and manage stress, the project manager uses good communication skills, empathy, and teamwork to keep the project moving forward.

think about it
Can you think of a time when you may have used one or more of the key project management skills in a job or school setting?

terms to know
Adaptability
In project management, the ability to respond and manage changes.
Negotiation
The ability to reach agreements that satisfy the interests of many stakeholders.
Technical Skills
The ability to use tools such as project management software and Gantt charts and understand the technical aspects of a project.
Soft Skills
Skills that enable someone to interact effectively with others.


3. Project Management Responsibilities

Project managers lead all types of projects across various industries. They use their project management expertise to execute and complete projects that bring brilliant ideas to reality. There is more to project management than just getting the work done. Managing a project is like running a business: There are risks and rewards, finance and accounting activities, human resource issues, time management, stress management, and a purpose for the project to exist.

3a. Day-to-Day Activities and Responsibilities

On a day-to-day basis, project managers are responsible for resolving conflicts, ensuring stable collaboration, and maintaining clear communication at all levels. They oversee the project’s progress and monitor resources to keep everything on track. Every day, project managers attend meetings, prepare presentations, communicate with the team and stakeholders, check emails, and manage project tools. Most importantly, they empower their team by creating schedules and prioritizing work, ensuring the project progresses smoothly. Ultimately, the project manager is responsible for the team’s overall success and the project’s completion.

In project management, having a clear checklist is essential for success. Good planning is key to meeting deadlines.

Successful project managers do the following:

  • Define the scope of the project, determine necessary resources, set realistic time estimates, and assess the capabilities of their team
  • Create clear plans and adjust them as needed to keep the project on track
  • Focus on their team by creating simple plans that motivate and empower them
  • Lead by example, reducing unnecessary bureaucracy to guide the team smoothly toward the final goal
  • Set realistic schedules (since meeting deadlines is crucial), communicate them clearly, and ensure that all activities are well-defined and sequenced, and then maintain the schedule to ensure timely project completion
  • Keep within budget, so they frequently review and adjust the budget to prevent overruns, ensuring the project remains financially viable
  • Minimize surprises, involve clients throughout, and maintain open communication to keep clients informed and satisfied (remember, a project is successful only if the customer is happy)
  • Identify and evaluate unexpected challenges or risks early and find ways to avoid or minimize the impact on the project
  • Track expenses and team performance as the project progresses
  • Take corrective actions when things go off plan to ensure the project stays on course
  • Compile comprehensive reports detailing project achievements, participants, and areas for improvement, ensuring transparency and learning for future projects
Based on this, here is what you, as a project manager might do:

  • Carrying out activity and resource planning
  • Organizing and motivating the project team
  • Controlling time management
  • Estimating costs and developing the budget
  • Ensuring customer satisfaction
  • Analyzing and managing project risk
  • Monitoring progress
  • Managing reports and necessary documentation
A person in a safety vest and hard hat filling out a form on a clipboard.
On a day-to-day basis, project managers consider what tasks need to be completed in order to keep the project on schedule and on budget.

Project managers lead projects across industries, using their expertise to turn ideas into reality. They plan, execute, and control projects, balancing constraints and guiding teams to success. Their daily tasks include resolving conflicts, ensuring collaboration, and maintaining clear communication. Effective planning, budget management, and risk assessment are crucial. They focus on team empowerment, clear scheduling, and timely completion to ensure customer satisfaction and project success. Through constant monitoring and adjustments, project managers ensure projects stay on track and meet goals efficiently.

summary
In this lesson, you learned about the significance of business acumen in effectively managing projects, while exploring the alignment and development of business acumen with organizational projects to ensure strategic success. The lesson also covered project management skills, as well as the day-to-day activities and responsibilities of a project manager.

Source: THIS CONTENT HAS BEEN ADAPTED FROM PRESSBOOKS "NSCC PROJECT MANAGEMENT” BY ADRIENNE WATT. ACCESS FOR FREE AT https://pressbooks.atlanticoer-relatlantique.ca/projectmanagement/ LICENSE: CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 4.0 INTERNATIONAL

Terms to Know
Adaptability

In project management, the ability to respond and manage changes.

Business Acumen

The ability to understand and make smart decisions within a business setting.

Negotiation

The ability to reach agreements that satisfy the interests of many stakeholders.

Soft Skills

Skills that enable someone to interact effectively with others.

Technical Skills

The ability to use tools such as project management software and Gantt charts and understand the technical aspects of a project.