Quadrant: the four quarters of the graph starting in the top right quarter at I and going counter-clockwise to II, III, and IV.
x-axis: The horizontal (right-to-left) line dividing the graph
y-axis: The vertical (up-down) line dividing the graph
Ordered Pair: Where to plot the coordinates along the x-axis and y-axis in the order (x,y)
Origin: Where the graph begins a the ordered pair (0,0)
Table of values: Also known as an input output table where you plug multiple numbers into an equation as x to solve for y. An example would be y=2x+1, you could put 1 in for x and have y=2
Below is a link for a game called Billy Bug 2: Billy Bug and His All New Quest for Grub. It will help you learn the basics of plotting ordered pairs on a coordinate plane.
http://www.oswego.org/ocsd-web/games/BillyBug2/bug2.html
Enjoy!